There are several encodings available to LaTeX: But if we want accents and other special characters to appear directly in the source file, we have to tell TeX that we want to use a different encoding. TeX has its own way of doing that with commands for every diacritical marking (see Escaped codes). But 128 characters is not enough to support non-English languages.
5 Degree symbol for temperature and math. The rules for producing characters with diacritical marks, such as accents, differ somewhat depending whether you are in text mode, math mode, or the tabbing environment. This specific matter will be tackled in Internationalization. This is the case for Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and others. Some languages usually need a dedicated input system to ease document writing. In the following document, we will refer to special characters for all symbols other than the lowercase letters a–z, uppercase letters A-Z, figures 0–9, and English punctuation marks. In this chapter we will tackle matters related to input encoding, typesetting diacritics and special characters. See the Fonts chapter's discussion of encoding for additional information. lualatex and xelatex, on the other hand, accept Unicode input and can usually typeset documents using the correct glyphs without further user intervention. This chapter assumes you are using the latex or pdflatex engines and need to concern yourself with TeX's various encodings. Collaborative Writing of LaTeX Documents. Scientific Reports (Bachelor Report, Master Thesis, Dissertation).
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